2.2. Flags to the conversions

One can put various flags between the percent sign and before the conversion character, which alter the output. Here is a list of them:

`space`	Prefix positive number with a space
`+`	Prefix positive number with a + sign
`-`	Left justify the output within the specified field
`0`	Use zeros, not spaces to right justify.
`#`	Prefix non-zero octal with 0, non-zero hex with "0x", and non-zero binary with "0b"

For example (taken from perldoc -f sprintf):

printf '<% d>', 12;   # prints "< 12>"
printf '<%+d>', 12;   # prints "<+12>"
printf '<%6s>', 12;   # prints "<    12>"
printf '<%-6s>', 12;  # prints "<12    >"
printf '<%06s>', 12;  # prints "<000012>"
printf '<%#x>', 12;   # prints "<0xc>"

Note that printf formats its arguments using sprintf and then prints them using print.